How to Become a Teacher in Germany

Becoming a teacher in Germany is a rewarding and structured process, but it varies depending on the region (state) and the type of school. Germany's federal system means that each of the 16 states (Länder) has its own regulations and standards. However, the general path to teaching shares common steps, which I'll outline here:

1. Choose Your Teaching Path and Subjects

The first step is deciding which type of school you want to teach at. Germany has several types of schools, such as:

• Grundschule (primary school, grades 1–4 or 1–6, depending on the state)

• Hauptschule or Realschule (secondary schools with different academic focuses)

• Gymnasium (academic secondary school, grades 5–12/13)

• Berufsschule (vocational school)

After deciding on the school type, choose the subjects you wish to teach. Germany typically requires teachers to specialize in two subjects. These subjects will guide your university studies and training.

2. University Studies (Bachelor’s and Master’s Degree)

Teaching in Germany generally requires completing both a Bachelor’s and a Master’s degree, which are specifically structured for future teachers. The degrees consist of:

• Bachelor’s Degree: Focuses on the subjects you wish to teach and some introductory education courses.

• Master of Education (M.Ed.): Specializes in educational theory, pedagogy, and deepens subject knowledge. This typically lasts around two years.

Some programs allow you to combine your bachelor’s and master’s into a continuous teacher training program, depending on the state and university. The content of the program varies based on the level of school and subjects you're planning to teach.

3. The Referendariat (Teaching Internship)

After completing your university studies, you must undergo a practical teaching internship called Referendariat, which usually lasts 18–24 months. This phase takes place in real schools, where you'll:

• Teach under supervision

• Participate in seminars

• Learn classroom management and teaching methods firsthand

• Be evaluated through lessons, exams, and written reports

The Referendariat is crucial for gaining practical experience and bridging the gap between theoretical knowledge and real classroom dynamics. It's a comprehensive preparation for independent teaching.

4. State Examination (Zweite Staatsprüfung)

The culmination of the Referendariat is the Zweite Staatsprüfung (second state examination), which tests your skills as a teacher through observed lessons and oral exams. This examination determines whether you’re fit to teach independently.

Once you pass this exam, you’re qualified to teach in public schools in Germany.

5. Finding a Teaching Position

After passing the second state exam, you can apply for teaching jobs. Public schools in Germany hire teachers based on a civil service system, meaning you become a Beamter (civil servant). The application process often involves interviews and, in some cases, lesson demonstrations.

If you prefer to work in a private school, these institutions have their own hiring processes, though the state qualification is usually still required.

6. Continuing Professional Development

Even after becoming a teacher, Germany encourages ongoing professional development. Teachers can take courses or attend seminars to enhance their skills, and some states require periodic evaluations to ensure teaching quality.

Special Considerations

• Language Requirements: If you’re not a native German speaker, you’ll need to demonstrate proficiency in German, as it is the language of instruction.

• Differences by State: Each German state sets its own specific requirements, so be sure to check the regulations for the state in which you plan to teach.

  
  

Misconceptions: Is the Path Too Long?

The path to becoming a teacher in Germany is extensive, but it ensures a high standard of education for future teachers. Some may view the process as long, but it equips teachers with deep knowledge in their subject areas and essential classroom experience.

Why Become a Teacher in Germany?

Becoming a teacher in Germany allows you to contribute to one of the most robust educational systems in the world. The process ensures that by the time you're in the classroom full-time, you're well-prepared to handle the challenges and opportunities that come with educating future generations.

A Final Note: The Importance of Passion

The journey to becoming a teacher in Germany is rigorous but fulfilling. If you have a passion for shaping young minds and guiding the next generation, this process ensures you are well-prepared to take on the challenge.